Petah Tiqwa

Petah Tiqwa, Petach-Tikva, city ​​in the central coastal plain of Israel, 12 km east of Tel Aviv-Jaffa, (2019) 248,000 residents.

Historical museum, art museum, zoological garden. Petah Tiqwa was a center of Israeli orange growing until the city expanded; Wood and metal processing, food, textile, electronic and pharmaceutical industries, manufacture of building materials and chemical products.

Rishon LeZiyyon

Rishon LeZiyyon [ri ʃ -], Rishon Le Zion, city ​​in Israel, in the dune area south of Tel Aviv-Jaffa, (2017) 254 400 residents.

Cultural center, theater, city zoo, amusement park; pharmaceutical, electrotechnical and other industries, wineries.

Founded in 1882 as the first Jewish agricultural settlement by Russian immigrants, Rishon LeZiyyon received city rights in 1950.

Haifa

Haifa, port city in Israel on the Mediterranean coast, at the foot of Mount Carmel, (2019) 285 300 residents.

According to Cachedhealth.com, Haifa is the administrative seat of the Haifa district and the seat of the Melkite Archbishop of Akko. The city is the international center of the Baha’i religion. As an important educational center, Haifa University (founded in 1963), Technical University (founded in 1912), houses libraries and many museums: National Museum of Science, Technology and Space, Künstlerhaus Chagall, Haifa Museum (with museum for ancient art, modern art, music and ethnology), Tikotin Museum of Japanese Art, Mané-Katz Museum, Prehistoric Museum, Maritime Museum and others There is a theater and a zoological garden.

Haifa is the center of the country’s heavy industry (numerous metal foundries); Shipyard, textile and clothing industry, chemical and petrochemical industry (petroleum refinery; Elat pipeline), high-tech industry, metal processing, glass production, ceramics factory; Large power plant. With 29 million tons of handling (2017), Haifa is Israel’s largest port. There is an international airport near the port. The 4.7 km long Carmel Tunnel connects the west and east of Haifa; an underground cable car the lower town with the upper town, a viewing cable car the Cape of Carmel with the coastal promenade.

Cityscape

The urban area is divided into three areas: the lower town with the old town, harbor and coastal strip, the 60-120 m high Hadar HaCarmel district with the main business center and the upper town Central Carmel (250-300 m high) with exclusive villas, hotels and restaurants. The Persian Gardens with the Bahai Shrine crowned by a golden dome (completed in 1953, UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2008, with the grave of the founder of Babism Sajjid Ali Mohammed, * 1820, † [executed] 1850), symbol of Haifa.

The cityscape is also characterized by works of international architecture, for example A. Baerwald (Institute of Technology, 1909-25), M. Loeb (New Commercial Center, 1932/33), L. Krakauer (Teltsch Hotel, 1934/35), E. Mendelsohn (Rambam Hospital, 1937/38) and M. Tzur (Haneviim Tower, 1980). At 137 m, the tallest building in Haifa is the Sail Tower (1999-2002).

The monastery of Our Lady of Mount Carmel is located near the city; The place of worship of the Holy Virgin, attested as early as the 3rd century, is located within a wall, the current buildings were erected in 1827.

History

In the 14th – 10th Century BC There was a Bronze Age settlement at the mouth of the Kishon (Tell Abu Hawam; finds of imported pottery from the eastern Mediterranean). The area was probably still populated at times until the beginning of the Hellenistic period. Another city that existed during antiquity immediately south of the Cape of Carmel was called Shikmona (Greek Sicaminos, Latin Sycaminum). The name Haifa is first mentioned in the 2nd century AD for a settlement that has existed since Hellenistic times. At the beginning of the Crusader era, Haifa was a fortified city that was captured in 1100 (also called Caiphas Porphyria). The core of today’s Haifa, which was founded after the middle of the 18th century, is located southeast of this site. The fortress was built on the spot where the Roman Castra Samaritanorum used to be. The branch of Protestant “Templers” from Swabia, which was founded nearby in 1868, became important for further development.

Tel Aviv-Jaffa

Tel Aviv-Jaffa (Hebrew Tel Aviv-Yafo), Israel’s second largest city, on the Mediterranean Sea, with (2019) 460 600 residents.

Important state institutions (banks, insurance companies, trade unions, the stock exchange, Mossad intelligence service, over 50 embassies) are based in Tel Aviv-Jaffa. The city is also a cultural center with a university, music academy, research institutes, museums, national theater and national opera. The economy is determined by the service sector, light industry and tourism.

Tel Aviv-Jaffa is nicknamed the “White City” after the white Bauhaus-style buildings. In 1949 the old port city of Jaffa was merged with Tel Aviv, which was founded in 1909 as a garden suburb.